Aristotle wrote as many as 200 treatises, of which approximately 30 survive. What we have are largely lecture notes and draft manuscripts, edited by ancient scholars — most notably Andronicus of Rhodes (~60 BCE). The standard reference system uses Bekker numbers, based on the 1831–1870 Prussian Academy edition.
Logic — The Organon
The six logical works collectively called the Organon (“instrument”), dealing with the methodology of reasoning.
Work
Notes
Categories
On the basic kinds of predication
On Interpretation (De Interpretatione)
On propositions and truth
Prior Analytics (2 books)
Formal syllogistic logic
Posterior Analytics (2 books)
Scientific demonstration and knowledge
Topics (8 books)
Dialectical reasoning
Sophistical Refutations (De Sophisticis Elenchis)
Logical fallacies
Natural Philosophy / Physics
Work
Notes
Physics (8 books)
Change, causality, motion, the infinite
On the Heavens (De Caelo, 4 books)
Cosmology and celestial bodies
On Generation and Corruption (2 books)
Coming-to-be and passing-away
Meteorology (4 books)
Atmospheric and geological phenomena
Biology & Natural History
Work
Notes
History of Animals (Historia Animalium, 10 books)
Descriptive zoology
On the Parts of Animals (4 books)
Functional anatomy
On the Movement of Animals
Animal locomotion
On the Progression of Animals
Modes of movement
On the Generation of Animals (5 books)
Reproduction and heredity
On Plants
Authenticity disputed; possibly by Nicolaus of Damascus
On Colours
Likely by students at the Lyceum
Psychology
On the Soul
On the Soul (De Anima, 3 books) — The foundational treatise on psyche, perception, intellect
Parva Naturalia
Nine short psychological treatises:
Work
On Sense and Sensibilia
On Memory and Reminiscence
On Sleep and Sleeplessness
On Dreams
On Divination in Sleep
On Length and Shortness of Life
On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration
Metaphysics
Metaphysics (14 books) — On “first philosophy”: being qua being, matter and form, the four causes (material, formal, efficient, final), potentiality and actuality, the Prime Mover
Ethics
Work
Notes
Nicomachean Ethics (10 books)
His most celebrated ethical work; virtue ethics, eudaimonia, friendship
Eudemian Ethics (7 books)
Earlier, less comprehensive treatment; three books overlap with the NE
Magna Moralia (2 books)
Abstract of the other ethical works; partly spurious (Stoic elements)
On Virtues and Vices
Spurious
Politics & Economics
Work
Notes
Politics (8 books)
Theory of the polis, constitutions, citizenship
Economics (Oeconomica, 3 books)
Household and state management; partly spurious
Constitution of Athens (Athenaion Politeia)
History of Athenian political development to ~328 BCE; rediscovered 1879
Rhetoric & Poetics
Work
Notes
Rhetoric (Ars Rhetorica, 3 books)
Modes of persuasion: ethos, pathos, logos
Poetics (1 surviving book)
Tragedy and epic poetry; second book on comedy is lost
Works Surviving Only in Fragments
Work
Notes
Protrepticus
Exhortation to philosophy; known through later paraphrases
On Philosophy (On the Good)
Dialogue; fragments in later authors
Eudemus (On the Soul)
Dialogue on the soul and immortality
On Justice
Fragment only
On Good Birth
Fragment only
On Ideas
Survives in quotations by Alexander of Aphrodisias
Transmission History
Aristotle (d. 322 BCE)
→ Theophrastus (successor at the Lyceum)
→ Neleus of Scepsis
→ Hidden in a cellar (~150 years, poor conditions)
→ Purchased by Apellicon; returned to Athens (~100 BCE)
→ Seized by Sulla; taken to Rome (86 BCE)
→ Andronicus of Rhodes — first complete edition (~60 BCE)
→ Bekker edition, Prussian Academy (1831–1870) — modern standard
Notes
Works marked spurious are generally held to be by students or later Peripatetics, not Aristotle himself.
The surviving corpus is essentially lecture notes, which accounts for the dense, unpolished style.
Standard citations use Bekker numbers (e.g., NE 1094a1 = page 1094, column a, line 1 in the Bekker edition).
The complete English translation is the Revised Oxford Translation, ed. Jonathan Barnes (Princeton, 1984), 2 vols.